This is when x-robots-tags come into play. The X-Robots-Tag is an HTTP header sent from a web server. Unlike the meta robots tag, it isn’t placed in the HTML of the page. Here’s what it can look like: The easiest way to check HTTP headers is with the free Ahrefs SEO toolbar browser extension.Sitemap validator. Helps you check if the Sitemap file on your site is formed correctly. After the check, you can upload the file to Yandex.Webmaster, so the robot quickly crawled its contents. Learn more.Per RFC 9309, the robots.txt file must be at the root of each protocol and host combination of your site.. For a Domain property: Search Console chooses the top 20 hosts, sorted by crawl rate. For each domain, the report may show up to 2 origins, which means the table can show up to 40 rows.If you can't find the robots.txt URL for one of your hosts, create …Use a robots.txt validator to find out which rule is blocking your page, and where your robots.txt file is. Fix or remove the rule:Nov 19, 2020 · Robots.txt Validator. A validator is a tool to show if your robots.txt file is blocking the web crawlers from Google for specific URLs located on your website. A good example is using this tool for testing if the Googlebot-Image crawler has access for crawling an image URL you want to be blocked from all Google image searches. Robots.txt Allow All Per RFC 9309, the robots.txt file must be at the root of each protocol and host combination of your site.. For a Domain property: Search Console chooses the top 20 hosts, sorted by crawl rate. For each domain, the report may show up to 2 origins, which means the table can show up to 40 rows.If you can't find the robots.txt URL for one of your hosts, create …Test and validate your robots.txt. Check if a URL is blocked and how. You can also check if the resources for the page are disallowed.A robots.txt file is used to issue instructions to robots on what URLs can be crawled on a website. All major search engine bots conform to the robots exclusion standard, and will …Robots.txt is crucial for Magento 2 websites as it helps communicate with search engine crawlers. From this Mageworx Wiki post, you’ll learn how to generate and configure robots.txt files in Magento 2. You’ll find out about such meta robots tags as noindex, and nofollow, and more.Use Search Console to monitor Google Search results data for your properties. The Robots.txt validator helps in identifying all errors in the Robots.txt file including mistyped words, syntax & logical errors. As iterated earlier, Robots.txt is an important file from Search Engine perspective, and getting the correct Robots.txt file is a prerequisite for every website. Per RFC 9309, the robots.txt file must be at the root of each protocol and host combination of your site.. For a Domain property: Search Console chooses the top 20 hosts, sorted by crawl rate. For each domain, the report may show up to 2 origins, which means the table can show up to 40 rows.If you can't find the robots.txt URL for one of your hosts, create …Google Chrome - Download the Fast, Secure Browser from GoogleHow to validate a feed rss. Enter your XML feed URL in the textbox or upload an XML file. Click on the “Validate“ button to start checking. Please wait a few seconds. The verification result will be available instantly after its completion.robots.txt validator for python. About. robots.txt validator for python Topics. robots-parser robotstxt robots-validator Resources. Readme License. MIT license Stars. 0 stars Watchers. 1 watching Forks. 0 forks Report repository Releases No releases published. Packages 0. No packages published .In Magento 2, your robots.txt file is located here: Content > Configuration (Under Design ). There, edit the settings for Main Website instead of the Default Store View, because the latter won’t allow you to change the robots.txt file. On the screen that follows, scroll down to Search Engine Robots. There you can define your robots.txt content:Per RFC 9309, the robots.txt file must be at the root of each protocol and host combination of your site.. For a Domain property: Search Console chooses the top 20 hosts, sorted by crawl rate. For each domain, the report may show up to 2 origins, which means the table can show up to 40 rows.If you can't find the robots.txt URL for one of your hosts, create …RFC 9309 に従い、robots.txt ファイルはサイトのプロトコルとホストの各組み合わせのルートに配置する必要があります。. ドメイン プロパティの場合: Search Console は、クロール頻度順に上位 20 個のホストを選びます。各ドメインについて、レポートには最大 2 つのオリジンが表示されます。 We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Brought to you by Merkle, a set of free SEO tools to help you make your website technically search engine friendly: robots.txt testing tool, fetch & render, schema.org structured data generator and more! Output. The Specification Test provides the following information about the compliance of the provided parser: List of performed tests (with test progress information) List of passed tests. List of failed tests. Test file path (for better debugging of special characters) The robots.txt content. The URL. A robots.txt file clearly tells search engine crawlers which files or pages crawlers can or cannot request from your website.. Typically, webmasters use it to avoid overloading their sites with requests. It is not, however, a tool for keeping a web page from being on Google.. If you want to keep a page off Google (or another search engine), you need to use …The Robots.txt Validator allows you to check if your robots.txt file is properly permitting or blocking web crawlers from indexing your site or specific URL. Client Login. MENU MENU. Resources . Resources Blog Posts Case Studies Webinars Videos Keyword Suggest Tools Beyond Google.Robots.txt Checker2.8/5.05 (2.8 rating from 4 votes) Robots.txt Checker and Validator. A tool to analyze and validate robots.txt files for syntax errors based on robots exclusion de-facto standards. Text Link Ads. Website For Sale By Owner. Buy Text Ad - $10 per month. Tell a FriendAdd to FavoritesReport. Share:Nov 19, 2020 · Robots.txt Validator. A validator is a tool to show if your robots.txt file is blocking the web crawlers from Google for specific URLs located on your website. A good example is using this tool for testing if the Googlebot-Image crawler has access for crawling an image URL you want to be blocked from all Google image searches. Robots.txt Allow All The robots.txt file is very simple and straightforward. The basic format looks like this: User-agent: [user-agent name] Disallow: [URL string not to be crawled] When you combine these two lines, you have a complete robots.txt file. But within each robots.txt file, it’s possible to have different user-agent directives. # # robots.txt for https://www.w3.org/ # # $Id: robots.txt,v 1.89 2024/03/13 18:11:44 gerald Exp $ # # For use by search.w3.org User-agent: W3C-gsa Disallow: /Out-Of ...ETTVI's Robots.txt Validator je nezbytný nástroj pro SEO experty. Kontrola souboru robot.txt na webu proti všem uživatelským agentům zabere jen několik sekund, abyste mohli sledovat logické a syntaktické chyby, které mohou poškodit SEO webu.How to validate your robots.txt file? You can use our Robots.txt Checker to validate your robots.txt file. Simply provide the full url to your robots.txt file or copy and paste its …Test your robots.txt file for errors and learn how to fix them. See the common mistakes and examples from analyzing over 5000 robots files.Nov 19, 2020 · Robots.txt Validator. A validator is a tool to show if your robots.txt file is blocking the web crawlers from Google for specific URLs located on your website. A good example is using this tool for testing if the Googlebot-Image crawler has access for crawling an image URL you want to be blocked from all Google image searches. Robots.txt Allow All Learn how to test your Robots.txt file using the Robots.txt tester in Google Search Console. In this video, we will cover how to test a specific page to make...Code: robots.txt. Robots, spiders, and search engines use this file to detmine which. content they should *not* crawl while indexing your website. This system is called "The Robots Exclusion Standard." It is strongly encouraged to use a robots.txt validator to check.Library to check a url for all possible robots exclusion protocols (robots.txt, http X-Robots-Tag header, meta robots tag, or http status codes) - nickmoline/robots-checker. Skip to content. Toggle navigation. Sign in Product Actions. Automate any …A Robots.txt ellenőrző eszköz segítségével meggyőződhet arról, hogy a robots.txt fájl pontos és nincsenek benne hibák. A robots.txt fájl az Ön weboldalához tartozik: indexelési szabályok találhatók benne, amelyek eligazítják a keresőmotorok robotjait annak biztosítása érdekében, hogy weboldalát helyesen térképezzék ...ETTVI's Robots.txt Validator je nezbytný nástroj pro SEO experty. Kontrola souboru robot.txt na webu proti všem uživatelským agentům zabere jen několik sekund, abyste mohli sledovat logické a syntaktické chyby, které mohou poškodit SEO webu.This comprehensive validation tool will audit the following items and give you an item by item break down of areas where you are doing well and things that need to be improved. ... Robots.txt. Makes sure that your robot.txt file has no errors and allows search engines to discover your website.Validate your Robots.txt by checking if your URLs are properly allowed or blocked. Running a Shopify store? We'll also suggest some rules to add. What is Robots.txt? . … robots.txt レポートには、サイトの上位 20 個のホストに対して Google が検出した robots.txt ファイル、前回のクロール日、発生した警告やエラーが表示されます。. また、急いでいる場合には、レポートから robots.txt ファイルの再クロールをリクエストすることも ... Test and validate a list of URLs against the live or a custom robots.txt file. Uses Google's open-source parser. Check if URLs are allowed or blocked, and by what rule.You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window.You can optionally create a sitemap index file and submit that single index file to Google. You can submit multiple sitemaps and sitemap index files to Google. This may be useful if you want to track the search performance of each individual sitemap in Search Console. Sitemap file encoding and location: The sitemap file must be UTF-8 …Read how Google behaves when there's a robots.txt error. To fix parsing issues, use a robots.txt validator. See the last fetched version. You can see the last fetched version …Robots.txt is a text file with instructions for bots (mostly search engine crawlers) trying to access a website. It defines which areas of the site crawlers are allowed or disallowed to access. You can easily exclude …Il Robots.txt Validator di ETTVI è uno strumento indispensabile per gli esperti SEO. Bastano pochi secondi per controllare il file robot.txt di un sito web confrontandolo con tutti gli user agent per tenere traccia degli errori logici e di sintassi che possono danneggiare il SEO del sito web.This free tool from Ryte enables you to test your robots.txt file. You only need to enter the corresponding URL and the select the respective user agent. Upon clicking on “Start …One benefit of our online robots.txt checker is that it can also check for security-related problems in robots.txt. The online robots.txt validator can detect up to 19 problems. In the following, we explain some common security vulnerabilities that can be found in a robots.txt file. File Disclosure in Disallow It happens when you add a disallow ... We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. If the Robots.txt file is already set up in your website, then all you need to provide is the website URL and select the option ‘Import and Validate Robots.txt’. The tool would instantly detect the Robots file in the website, import the file, and render the same to you in the provided text box. Underneath that, it would simultaneously ...ETTVI's Robots.txt Validator je nezbytný nástroj pro SEO experty. Kontrola souboru robot.txt na webu proti všem uživatelským agentům zabere jen několik sekund, abyste mohli sledovat logické a syntaktické chyby, které mohou poškodit SEO webu. Suchen Sie nach einem robots.txt-Validator. Geben Sie im Validator die URL der Seite ein, bei der die Beschreibung fehlt. Verwenden Sie die URL, die in den Google-Suchergebnissen für die Seite angezeigt wird. Wenn bei der Validierung festgestellt wird, dass die Seite für Google blockiert ist, haben Sie das Problem bestätigt. Robots.txt validator. This is tool for validating robotstxt rules. By writing contents for your robots.txt file here, you can find any incorrect rule. With the details provided it's easy to fix problems and have a valid and secure robots.txt file.In Magento 2, your robots.txt file is located here: Content > Configuration (Under Design ). There, edit the settings for Main Website instead of the Default Store View, because the latter won’t allow you to change the robots.txt file. On the screen that follows, scroll down to Search Engine Robots. There you can define your robots.txt content: Output. The Specification Test provides the following information about the compliance of the provided parser: List of performed tests (with test progress information) List of passed tests. List of failed tests. Test file path (for better debugging of special characters) The robots.txt content. The URL. This tool provides an easy way to quickly check if the robots.txt file has any errors. We also give you a list of how to fix it. For a more detailed look on how important the robots.txt file is have a look at the Robots txt for SEO post. How we Analyzed 5000+ Robots.txt. We grabbed a list of the top 1 million websites according to Alexa. Per RFC 9309, the robots.txt file must be at the root of each protocol and host combination of your site.. For a Domain property: Search Console chooses the top 20 hosts, sorted by crawl rate. For each domain, the report may show up to 2 origins, which means the table can show up to 40 rows.If you can't find the robots.txt URL for one of your hosts, create … The Robots.txt validator helps in identifying all errors in the Robots.txt file including mistyped words, syntax & logical errors. As iterated earlier, Robots.txt is an important file from Search Engine perspective, and getting the correct Robots.txt file is a prerequisite for every website. The robots.txt checker tool shows you whether your robots.txt file blocks web crawlers from specific URLs on your site.The Robots.txt Validator allows you to check if your robots.txt file is properly permitting or blocking web crawlers from indexing your site or specific URL. Client Login. MENU MENU. Resources . Resources Blog Posts Case Studies Webinars Videos Keyword Suggest Tools Beyond Google. SEO toolbox HTTP Status Tester new robots.txt new. robots.txt Tester; Core Web Vitals. Cumulative Layout Shift Debugger; Web Vitals Score Card; Disavow Files. Disavow File Validator 1. Robots.txt is no security layer. As we all know, clever webmasters provide a robots.txt to prevent some selected content of their site to be crawled. But one should always be aware of the fact that the robots.txt is no more than a recommendation to the search engine not to crawl the pages. Thankfully, the popular search engines take …Co je tester a nástroj pro ověření Robots.txt? Tester Robots.txt je nástroj určený pro odhalení chyb a nedostatků v souboru robots.txt. Soubor robots.txt je součástí webových stránek a robotům z vyhledávačů předává informace o indexovacích pravidlech. Tímto způsobem se zajišťuje správné procházení (a indexování ...Library to check a url for all possible robots exclusion protocols (robots.txt, http X-Robots-Tag header, meta robots tag, or http status codes) - nickmoline/robots-checker. Skip to content. Toggle navigation. Sign in Product Actions. Automate any …The /robots.txt is a de-facto standard, and is not owned by any standards body. There are two historical descriptions: the original 1994 A Standard for Robot Exclusion document. a 1997 Internet Draft specification A Method for Web Robots Control; In addition there are external resources:Creating a robots.txt file and making it generally accessible and useful involves four steps: Create a file named robots.txt. Add rules to the robots.txt file. …Blocking on IP Address. Traffic from W3C Validator services will be coming from 128.30.52.0/24 subnet and you may firewall or block that in your web server configuration. You should only firewall incoming port 80 and 443 from this subnet so as not to block your users from assessing W3C website or ability to participate in mailing lists. SEO toolbox HTTP Status Tester new robots.txt new. robots.txt Tester; Core Web Vitals. Cumulative Layout Shift Debugger; Web Vitals Score Card; Disavow Files. Disavow File Validator Robots.txt Validator A tool that checks the syntax and formatting of a robots.txt file to ensure that it is properly structured and follows the rules set by the robot exclusion protocol. Code Il Robots.txt Validator di ETTVI è uno strumento indispensabile per gli esperti SEO. Bastano pochi secondi per controllare il file robot.txt di un sito web confrontandolo con tutti gli user agent per tenere traccia degli errori logici e di sintassi che possono danneggiare il SEO del sito web.# # robots.txt for https://www.w3.org/ # # $Id: robots.txt,v 1.89 2024/03/13 18:11:44 gerald Exp $ # # For use by search.w3.org User-agent: W3C-gsa Disallow: /Out-Of ... The robots.txt report shows which robots.txt files Google found for the top 20 hosts on your site, the last time they were crawled, and any warnings or errors encountered. The report also enables you to request a recrawl of a robots.txt file for emergency situations. A robots.txt file is used to prevent search engines from crawling your site. Google's open source robots.txt parser; My speculation of how Google crawlers like googlebot-image parse robots.txt files (this tool uses a version of the open source parser built from a branch that includes these changes) In order to be able to call it from Python, I modified the open source project to output information in a structured way.Robots.txt adalah sebuah file yang merupakan bagian dari situs web Anda dan yang menyediakan aturan pengindeksan untuk robot mesin pencari, guna memastikan bahwa situs web Anda dikorek/crawled (dan diindeks) secara tepat dan data yang paling penting pada situs web Anda diindeks terlebih dulu (semuanya tanpa biaya …Facile à Utiliser : Il n'a jamais été aussi facile de tester l'exactitude de votre fichier robots.txt. Il vous suffit de coller votre URL complète en ajoutant à la fin "/robots.txt", puis de cliquer sur "Vérifier" et votre rapport sera rapidement disponible. 02.For a more detailed look on how important the robots.txt file is have a look at the Robots txt for SEO post. How we Analyzed 5000+ Robots.txt. We grabbed a list of the top 1 million websites according to Alexa. They have a CSV you can download with a list of all the URLs. We found that not every site has or needs a robots.txt file.1. Robots.txt is no security layer. As we all know, clever webmasters provide a robots.txt to prevent some selected content of their site to be crawled. But one should always be aware of the fact that the robots.txt is no more than a recommendation to the search engine not to crawl the pages. Thankfully, the popular search engines take … Free online robots.txt validator - validation of robots.txt syntax. This utility allows you to validate the syntax of a robots.txt file. A robots.txt file (and not robot.txt file, which is an often made misstake) can be used to instruct spiders and crawlers which parts of your website may be crawled for search engine indexing. A robots.txt file helps manage web crawler activities so they don’t overwork your website or index pages not meant for public view. Below are a few reasons to use a robots.txt file: 1. Optimize Crawl Budget. Crawl budget refers to the number of pages Google will crawl on your site within a given time frame.API Robots constructor(url, allowOnNeutral = true, rawRobotsTxt = null) url: domain of which robots.txt file you want to use.. allowOnNeutral: if the same amount of allows and disallows exist for the a url, do we allow or disallow ?. rawRobotsTxt: if you already have retrieved the raw robots.txt content, provide it here.. async init() void. Must be called … SEO toolbox HTTP Status Tester new robots.txt new. robots.txt Tester; Core Web Vitals. Cumulative Layout Shift Debugger; Web Vitals Score Card; Disavow Files. Disavow File Validator The robots.txt validator will show which crawlers can or can't request your website content. Allow. This directive specifies website files, categories, and pages that the designated crawlers may access. When no path is …Creating a robots.txt file and making it generally accessible and useful involves four steps: Create a file named robots.txt. Add rules to the robots.txt file. …Robots.txt Checker2.8/5.05 (2.8 rating from 4 votes) Robots.txt Checker and Validator. A tool to analyze and validate robots.txt files for syntax errors based on robots exclusion de-facto standards. Text Link Ads. Website For Sale By Owner. Buy Text Ad - $10 per month. Tell a FriendAdd to FavoritesReport. Share:If the Robots.txt file is already set up in your website, then all you need to provide is the website URL and select the option ‘Import and Validate Robots.txt’. The tool would instantly detect the Robots file in the website, import the file, and render the same to you in the provided text box. Underneath that, it would simultaneously ... This is where a robots.txt tester like the Screaming Frog SEO Spider software and it’s custom robots.txt feature can help check and validate a sites robots.txt thoroughly, and at scale. First of all, you will need to download the SEO Spider which is free in lite form, for crawling up to 500 URLs. May 2, 2023 · Validate your robots.txt. Various tools can help you validate your robots.txt, but we always prefer to go to the source when validating crawl directives. Google has a robots.txt testing tool in its Google Search Console (under the ‘Old version’ menu), and we’d highly recommend using that: Testing a robots.txt file in Google Search Console Oct 25, 2022 · For syntax checking you can use a validator for robots.txt files. Try one of these: Test your robots.txt with the robots.txt Tester at Google. robots.txt Checker by Search Engine Promotion Help. General Information . The Web Robots Pages The main Website for robots.txt. A Standard for Robot Exclusion The original standard. You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window.Per RFC 9309, the robots.txt file must be at the root of each protocol and host combination of your site.. For a Domain property: Search Console chooses the top 20 hosts, sorted by crawl rate. For each domain, the report may show up to 2 origins, which means the table can show up to 40 rows.If you can't find the robots.txt URL for one of your hosts, create … robots.txt レポートには、サイトの上位 20 個のホストに対して Google が検出した robots.txt ファイル、前回のクロール日、発生した警告やエラーが表示されます。. また、急いでいる場合には、レポートから robots.txt ファイルの再クロールをリクエストすることも ...
Improper use of robots.txt deny all commands, wildcards, trailing slash and other directives.Always run your robot.text file on a robots.txt validator before saving and submitting to Google and other search engines, so you don’t generate robots.txt errors. Relying on robots.txt file generator to generate robots.txt file.. High line nyc map
A Robots.txt ellenőrző eszköz segítségével meggyőződhet arról, hogy a robots.txt fájl pontos és nincsenek benne hibák. A robots.txt fájl az Ön weboldalához tartozik: indexelési szabályok találhatók benne, amelyek eligazítják a keresőmotorok robotjait annak biztosítása érdekében, hogy weboldalát helyesen térképezzék ... Το εργαλείο robots.txt tester έχει σχεδιαστεί για να ελέγχει αν το αρχείο σας robots.txt είναι ακριβές και χωρίς σφάλματα. Το robots.txt είναι ένα αρχείο που αποτελεί μέρος του ιστοτόπου σας και παρέχει ...Per RFC 9309, the robots.txt file must be at the root of each protocol and host combination of your site.. For a Domain property: Search Console chooses the top 20 hosts, sorted by crawl rate. For each domain, the report may show up to 2 origins, which means the table can show up to 40 rows.If you can't find the robots.txt URL for one of your hosts, create …A robots.txt file clearly tells search engine crawlers which files or pages crawlers can or cannot request from your website.. Typically, webmasters use it to avoid overloading their sites with requests. It is not, however, a tool for keeping a web page from being on Google.. If you want to keep a page off Google (or another search engine), you need to use …How to validate a feed rss. Enter your XML feed URL in the textbox or upload an XML file. Click on the “Validate“ button to start checking. Please wait a few seconds. The verification result will be available instantly after its completion.Per RFC 9309, the robots.txt file must be at the root of each protocol and host combination of your site.. For a Domain property: Search Console chooses the top 20 hosts, sorted by crawl rate. For each domain, the report may show up to 2 origins, which means the table can show up to 40 rows.If you can't find the robots.txt URL for one of your hosts, create …Robots.txt File Validator. Check your robots.txt file to see if its valid and can be understood search bots. Paste or upload your robot.txt file below. Validate. Download …By default, web-validator obeys Disallow rules in robots.txt if it exists. You can optionally skip this by adding -n to your runtime flags. To add specific rules for just the validator, you can target it specifically with User-agent: web-validator , eg:Robots.txt validation results ファイルの検証:robots.txt が標準に準拠しているかどうかを確認し、発生する可能性のあるエラーを特定します。 インデックス分析:検索エンジンのクローラーがサイトをどのようにインデックスしているかを追跡し、問題のある領域を特定 …How to make Website SEO checkup. Enter the URL address of the website for which you want to make an SEO analysis. Click the “Check“ button. Website SEO Checker will automatically make checks for all issues on the site. Wait for the operation to complete. A list with the issues will appear immediately after checking is completed.The structure of a robots.txt file is relatively simple but it is also hard to debug and make sure it’s working as expected. But with our new online tool for validating robots.txt it’s easy to create one. You can simply copy and paste your robots.txt contents into this tool and check possible errors. Then you can easily fix the problems ...May 2, 2023 · Validate your robots.txt. Various tools can help you validate your robots.txt, but we always prefer to go to the source when validating crawl directives. Google has a robots.txt testing tool in its Google Search Console (under the ‘Old version’ menu), and we’d highly recommend using that: Testing a robots.txt file in Google Search Console The Robots.txt Validator allows you to check if your robots.txt file is properly permitting or blocking web crawlers from indexing your site or specific URL. Client Login. MENU MENU. Resources . Resources Blog Posts Case Studies Webinars Videos Keyword Suggest Tools Beyond Google.The robots.txt checker tool shows you whether your robots.txt file blocks web crawlers from specific URLs on your site. A quick and easy way to make sure your robots.txt file is working properly is to use special tools. For example, you can validate your robots.txt by using our tool: enter up to 100 URLs and it will show you whether the file blocks crawlers from accessing specific URLs on your site. Simply copy/paste all results, one after another, into one file. 2. Validation Tool. Copy and paste your robots.txt file in the below box and click the button to check for errors. This tool attempts to validate syntax and will point out errors to you if it finds any. It also shows you how to correct the error, when possible.Per RFC 9309, the robots.txt file must be at the root of each protocol and host combination of your site.. For a Domain property: Search Console chooses the top 20 hosts, sorted by crawl rate. For each domain, the report may show up to 2 origins, which means the table can show up to 40 rows.If you can't find the robots.txt URL for one of your hosts, create …How to disallow all using robots.txt. If you want to instruct all robots to stay away from your site, then this is the code you should put in your robots.txt to disallow all: User-agent: *. Disallow: /. The “User-agent: *” part means that it applies to all robots. The “Disallow: /” part means that it applies to your entire website..