There are some common myths about dogs that are just not true.Like, when a dog licks you, they're kissing you, 1 human year equals 7 dog years, and a dog's m...Dogs are less focused in their "kissing." While dogs will lick faces if they get the chance, they will also lick hands, feet, knees, or whatever they can get close enough to get their tongues on ...Adrienne Farricelli CPDT-KA, Dip.CBST. Updated: Nov 11, 2022 4:57 PM EST. You might see your dog lick other dogs. Find out what causes this behavior. via Wikimedia …There are a few things you can do to stop your dog from licking Bag Balm: 1. Apply the ointment in a small amount to the affected spot and spread it thinly. 2. If possible, put a sock or piece of cloth over the infected area to prevent your dog from getting to the ointment. 3.Stop mentioning Taliban here. God did nt create the world for Taliban to rule by shedding of innocent blood. You can not rule what you never created Also, you can not rule what the creator has created against the wl of the creator, that is you can nt rule God’s creation agaisnt His will. God did not put Taliban as the cataker or chief security of His …Mar 25, 2024 · Redirect the behavior. The best strategy is to teach and reinforce alternate behaviors. Here’s how that works: If your dog always licks you when he approaches you, ask your dog to sit before he ... Treatment of Acral Lick Granulomas in Dogs. Treatment for a lick granuloma is largely based on the underlying cause. An Elizabethan or inflatable collar is extremely important to prevent further self-harm—both before you can see the vet and afterward, during treatment. Bandages should be placed only with the guidance of your veterinarian, because covering an infected wound traps in moisture ...They came out of her beautiful cunt: drip, drip, drip, sparkling in the sun that streamed in the window. Anyway, her pussy juices tasted as good to her pet dog as they do to anyone who’s ever enjoyed the sight and smell of them pouring out of her, and in her state of excitement, they’d just come gushing out. She’d spread herself open for ...Young girl holding her dog. A cute beige pug puppy is trying to lick the face. A woman holds camera. Mutt dog licking the camera lens, black white and brown, face closeup, white background Closeup of a dog's face licking the camera lens dog licking camera stock videos & royalty-free footage Cute ...Emotional distress can manifest in a number of different ways, and because dogs use their mouths to learn about and interact with the world, things like destructive chewing and carpet licking can arise from emotional distress. Similarly, canine dementia, physical pain and neurological problems can also cause your dog to spend extended periods ...Harmful dog germs are usually harmless for humans, unless we're talking about rabies, a disease that affects dogs and people in equally damaging ways. But generally, humans are immune to most dog germs. Likewise, human germs probably won't harm a dog. But human germs can harm humans, of course.People often think a dog's mouth is cleaner than a human's mouth. According to Dr. Leni K. Kaplan of Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, the r...Dog Licking Girl's Face | Woman Kissing her Dog | Dog Licking Woman Hip | Girl and Dog lick each other#girl #dog #dogfunny #doglife #dogs #doglover #dogsofti...2. Shame. If your dog is house-trained well enough to know that they aren't supposed to pee in the house, they might lick their pee to cover up an accident. Dogs that lick urine out of shame ...Frequent or sustained licking of the urogenital (urinary and genital) area may indicate that a medical problem exists. Alert your veterinarian if you see any of the following signs: swollen or red penis, vulva, or anus. presence of pustules (pimples) or red bumps on the skin. discoloration of the skin (black or rust colored) straining to urinate.4. “Pay Attention to Me!”. Dogs will often lick you when they want to try to draw attention to themselves when they want something. Licking can also be part of the game – dogs love to play ...November 18, 2022 by DR HARUN, DVM. The first thing you should know is that bug sprays typically contain DEET, which can be toxic to dogs. This means that if your dog licks the spray, they could ingest it and become ill. If your dog has consumed bug spray in the past and was fine, it’s possible that they may not have ingested enough to cause ...Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licking Kids Face stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Dog Licking Kids Face stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licks Girls stock videos and stock footage. Royalty-free 4K, HD and analogue stock Dog Licks Girls videos are available for licence in film, television, advertising and corporate settings.Your dog licks your pillow because it relieves stress, they're anxious and seek comfort in your scent and dander, it has an unfamiliar odor, they're bored, it's a habit, they're hungry, it has crumbs, or you made them do it. It can also be due to allergies, nausea, OCD, or gastrointestinal issues.8. Trauma to the Area. Any type of trauma to the area can be a cause for licking. Some dogs may get accidentally cut after a grooming session and the dog may feel compelled to lick. Sometimes, a bug bite may be to blame causing local irritation and worsening of the situations through licking. 9.Hey Dear, Hope you will enjoy watching the video of SUPER GREAT BONDING OF A GIRL WITH HER DOG IN BED ROOM. Enjoy watching it as much as I do.Hi Dear, here I...Another upload from a video of the past. I'll be starting to upload all my past content after i got hacked on my main account. And i'll also be throwing in a...Licking the air is often a compulsive behavior that helps dogs cope with anxiety, but it can also be a sign that a dog isn’t feeling well. In either case, it is not a behavior that...Mounting, thrusting (humping) and masturbation are normal behaviors exhibited by most dogs. Dogs masturbate in various ways. They mount and thrust against other animals, people and objects, such as wadded-up blankets, dog beds and toys. Sometimes, dogs just rub against people or objects (without mounting them), or they lick themselves.Licking your mouth may be their way of exploring these smells and flavors. 4. Seeking Attention. Dogs may lick your face, including your mouth, as a way of seeking attention or affection. If they've received positive reactions from you in the past when doing this, they may continue the behavior to get your attention. 5.A dog licking another dog's mouth area or teeth is called "appeasement behavior." Dr. Angelika Firnkes states that appeasement signals are meant to show peaceful intentions and to try to get the other dog to be friendly in return. In this sense, licking behavior also signifies submission to a more dominant dog. ...A community for those that practice, are interested in, or want to discuss watersports. As well as the hot videos, images, and stories about it. View 5 154 NSFW videos and pictures and enjoy Watersports with the endless random gallery on Scrolller.com. Go on to discover millions of awesome videos and pictures in thousands of other categories.You're not the Harvey Weinstein of the dog world. You're not even the Al Franken of the dog world. The guilt, the feelings of shame—let them go. Let yourself off the hook, crawl down off that ...Impacted Anal Glands. Female dogs may also lick their private areas if they have impacted anal glands. When their glands become impacted, the glands can become swollen and smell bad. Your dog may lick the area excessively to find relief from the pain and discomfort. She may also scoot across the floor in the search to find relief.Experts’ Insights on Dog Licking. When your dog licks your hand, they might be communicating a range of messages. Animal behaviorists and training professionals deduce that licking can be an expression of affection, a request for food, or a learned behavior influenced by the environment. Understanding from an Animal Behaviorist Behavioral ...A dog can lick himself for many reasons, including the following. 1. Grooming. Your dog can lick to clean himself just like the cats. Your dog can lick its feet, belly, or anus to clean those parts. However, excessive anal licking could indicate that his glands have a problem. 2. Healing.Young girl holding her dog. A cute beige pug puppy is trying to lick the face. A woman holds camera. Mutt dog licking the camera lens, black white and brown, face closeup, white background Closeup of a dog's face licking the camera lens dog licking camera stock videos & royalty-free footage Cute ...Browse 230+ dog licks girl videos stock videos and clips available to use in your projects, or start a new search to explore more stock footage and b-roll video clips. Sort by: Most popular.Browse 220 dog licks girl videos and clips available to use in your projects, or search for dog licks woman to find more footage and b-roll video clips. cu td girl playing with chocolate labrador lying on back on meadow, sunderland, vermont, usa - dog licks girl stock videos & royalty-free footage.Find professional Dog Licks Girls videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality.Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licks Girl stock videos and stock footage. Royalty-free 4K, HD, and analog stock Dog Licks Girl videos are available for license in film, television, advertising, and corporate settings.57 votes, 83 comments. true. Well, comparing a parent to an owner doesn't really work because they're different relationships...but yes, i would call that abuse, but the difference between a child and pet is that you don't own a child in the same way you own a dog. you don't walk your child on a leash, you don't cut off your child's dirty parts, or put them in cages. Dogs are weird as fuck. My dog does this when the other one has an ear infection. As soon as the ear licking starts, it's time to see the vet. Ear licking can also cause an ear infection (we saw that a ton when I worked at a vet tech). Adding moisture to floppy ears creates the perfect storm for an infection. Harmful dog germs are usually harmless for humans, unless we're talking about rabies, a disease that affects dogs and people in equally damaging ways. But generally, humans are immune to most dog germs. Likewise, human germs probably won't harm a dog. But human germs can harm humans, of course.Dogs Licking Furniture Because They’re Bored. Dogs may lick furniture because they’re bored. Lacking any other stimulation to engage their mind and body, they could just be trying to pass the ...They may be licking your clothes because they want to clean them on your behalf. 5. It could be an anxiety issue. Dogs resort to licking and chewing stuff to cope with stress or anxiety. II there's something stressing out your dog, they may resort to licking whatever they find — including your clothes.Licking Another Dog's Mouth. Licking other dogs' mouths is behavior that comes from early puppyhood, when puppies used to lick their mother's lips. The behavior was meant to encourage the mother dog to regurgitate food for them. This may sound odd, but when puppies were being weaned in the wild and started to no longer depend on mother's milk ...Browse Getty Images’ premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licks Girl stock videos and stock footage. Royalty-free 4K, HD and analogue stock Dog Licks Girl videos are available for licence in film, television, advertising and corporate settings.With Tenor, maker of GIF Keyboard, add popular Dog Lick Screen animated GIFs to your conversations. Share the best GIFs now >>>Licking other dogs' mouths is a behavior that is reminiscent of when puppies were in the litter with their littermates and mom. To be exact, this behavior seen in puppies may be categorized as an et-epimeletic behavior. In animal behavior, the term et-epimeletic means seeking care or attention, as it often happens in most young animals.Getting Out of Hand. Sometimes excessive paw licking in dogs can get quite out of hand and may lead to a compulsive disorder. The paw licking may start innocently as a way of coping with an allergy, arthritis or a mental state of boredom, anxiety or frustration, and soon the dog becomes addicted to it. This repeated paw licking may then lead to ...For example, your dog licks ears with medication. Because they ingest this, they could get an upset stomach. Or this disorder may evolve to licking other things. Such as beds, furniture, or even your head. #3: They may …The following medical issues can cause excessive licking in dogs: Painful conditions of the bones, joints, and muscles including osteoarthritis, soft tissue injuries, fractures, and degenerative joint disease. Skin conditions such as external parasites (like fleas or mites), food or environmental allergies, skin cancer, and acral lick dermatitis.Allergies can cause dogs to experience itching and discomfort, leading to excessive licking of their private parts. Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or certain ingredients in their food can trigger an allergic reaction. Additionally, skin irritations caused by fleas, ticks, or other parasites can also lead to excessive licking.Puppy and his human. of 18. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licks Woman stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Dog Licks Woman stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.1. Redirect the behavior. The best strategy is to teach and reinforce alternate behaviors. Here’s how that works: If your dog always licks you when he approaches you, ask your dog to sit before ...Step 1: Restrict Activity The first step in preventing your dog from licking stitches is to restrict their activity. Avoid rigorous exercise or activities that may cause them to jump, run or play excessively. Licking and chewing at the incision site is often a result of boredom, frustration or anxiety caused by confinement, so ensuring they receive plenty of mental stimulation will help ...Parasites: External parasites, such as fleas, ticks, and mites, and internal parasites, such as tapeworms, will cause dogs to scoot their rear ends along the floor or lick the area under the tail ...Stress and Anxiety-Induced Licking. Just like humans, dogs can exhibit stress and anxiety in various ways. One common outlet is excessive licking, often focused on certain objects or areas like carpets. This obsessive-compulsive behavior provides a sense of relief to an anxious dog, similar to a human biting their nails.Mounting, thrusting (humping) and masturbation are normal behaviors exhibited by most dogs. Dogs masturbate in various ways. They mount and thrust against other animals, people and objects, such as wadded-up blankets, dog beds and toys. Sometimes, dogs just rub against people or objects (without mounting them), or they lick themselves.Greeting and Friendliness: Dogs use licking as a distance-reducing signal. What this means for you is that when your dog greets you with a lick, they're encouraging friendly interactions and saying they're no threat.; Respectful Gestures: By giving your hand a good lick, dogs are demonstrating respect or deference.In their world, this is akin to a humble nod or a sign of honoring your role ...Let's take a look at the top nine reasons why a dog may be licking and chewing the base of the tail. 1. Fleas and flea allergic dermatitis. For many dog parents, when their beloved dog begins licking, chewing, or scratching, the first concern is fleas. No one wants to have fleas on their dog or in their home.It seems that the constant mouth and tongue movements your dog uses to lick the floor (and other surfaces) increases saliva production, which buffers against the acid in the stomach, according to Bennett. Or, perhaps the saliva provides added lubrication to make it easier to vomit, she adds. When tummy upset is to blame, your dog may be licking ...Consequences If Your Dog Licks Human Blood. 1. They Could Get Sick. Although there aren't many zoonotic diseases that can be transferred between dogs and humans, there are a few. It's been found in studies that 61.6% of all pathogens that are native to humans are zoonotic. This means that pathogens (bugs), including influenza, pneumonia ... Browse 598 dog licks woman videos and clips available to use in your projects, or search for dog licks girl to find more footage and b-roll video clips. 00:24. Dog licking a teenage girl with Christmas lights on her head. of 3. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licks Teenage Girl stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Dog Licks Teenage Girl stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. Go to Sytem32 or SysWOW64, I found it in both, and copy ... Animal Dog 006 Zooskool - Stray-X The Record part 1 (8 dogs in 1 day ) 32. 1 file PDF download download 1 file SINGLE PAGE PROCESSED TIFF ... Animal Dog 006 Zooskool - Stray-X The Record part 1 (8 dogs in 1 .... Zooskool - The record - Dog 1 Rottie 01:17. Cute Dog playing with branch. of 2. Browse Getty Images’ premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Lick Woman Face stock videos and stock footage. Royalty-free 4K, HD and analogue stock Dog Lick Woman Face videos are available for licence in film, television, advertising and corporate settings. Aug 7, 2016 · This is one smart puppy dog! He knows right where to lick this gorgeous goddess. Hope you LIKE SHARE OR SUBSCRIBE Another upload from a video of the past. I'll be starting to upload all my past content after i got hacked on my main account. And i'll also be throwing in a...As they lick your feet, their body releases lots of the "love hormone" called oxytocin. Those fuzzy feelings your dog experiences courtesy of oxytocin remind them of the bond you two share. And there's probably nowhere else they'd rather be at that time than at your feet. 2. It's an attention-seeking tactic. 8,179 listeners. 25 listeners. 54 listeners. Read about Dog licks pussy - LuxureTV by en.luxuretv.com and see the artwork, lyrics and similar artists. Some wild species in the dog family will lick pack members just to welcome them home. So, those daily slobbers really might just be a sign that your dog is happy to see you. “Licking can be a ...Here are some warning signs that indicate you should seek professional help: 1) Redness or Swelling around the Incision Site – If you notice that your dog’s skin around the stitches looks red, swollen, feels hot to touch – it could mean there’s infection present at the site thus requiring prompt professional attention.Obsessive licking can be a sign that they are stressed or anxious, or could suggest that they are in pain, feeling nauseous, uncomfortable or itchy. Licking is soothing to dogs and may help to make them feel better. Dogs can sometimes lick themselves so much that they damage their skin.Common Reasons Dogs Lick Their Groin. 2.1 Muscle Sprain or Injury. 2.2 Lumbar or Sacral Spinal Injury or Misalignment. 2.3 Urinary Bladder Issues. 2.4 Hernias and Genital Concerns. 2.5 Other Possible Causes. Managing Skin Irritation and Inflammation from Licking. Summary of Recommendations. 1.With Tenor, maker of GIF Keyboard, add popular Dog Licking Screen Animation animated GIFs to your conversations. Share the best GIFs now >>> Tenor.com has been translated based on your browser's language setting. ... #Boy-Girl-Dog-Cat-Mouse-Cheese. #Cats #Kiss #Licking. #dog #licking #sniffing. #Snorks #Lick #80s #80s-Cartoons. #Shachiku-San # ...of 3. United States. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licks Girls stock videos and stock footage. Royalty-free 4K, HD, and analog stock Dog Licks Girls videos are available for license in film, television, advertising, and corporate settings.Find 235 Dog Licks Girls stock video, 4K footage, and other HD footage from iStock. High-quality video footage that you won't find anywhere else. Woman holding her dog. of 19. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licking Woman stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Dog Licking Woman stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. A French bulldog jumps on and licks inside a woman's mouth while she sings.With Tenor, maker of GIF Keyboard, add popular Dog Licks animated GIFs to your conversations. Share the best GIFs now >>>There are some common myths about dogs that are just not true.Like, when a dog licks you, they’re kissing you, 1 human year equals 7 dog years, and a dog’s m...I intended to stay at the party till dawn but I decided to leave due to a terrible headache and I was exhausted. I felt i needed to rest. I left at about 11pm. When I got to my house, I met a shocker. My girlfriend was completely n*aked and my dog was in-between her legs licking her pucci.Key Takeaways: Dogs lick humans for various reasons, including communication, affection, stress relief, and sensory exploration. Licking is a natural behavior and instinct in dogs, serving multiple purposes. Allowing dogs to lick you is generally safe, but it is important to consider hygiene concerns and individual health factors.; Understanding the reasons behind dog licking can help pet ...Dogs are weird as fuck. My dog does this when the other one has an ear infection. As soon as the ear licking starts, it's time to see the vet. Ear licking can also cause an ear infection (we saw that a ton when I worked at a vet tech). Adding moisture to floppy ears creates the perfect storm for an infection.Dog licking a teenage girl with Christmas lights on her head. of 3. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licks Teenage Girl stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Dog Licks Teenage Girl stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.
Dogs may be sniff at crotches if you recently have had sexual intercourse or gave birth, or if you're menstruating. These people are giving off a higher level of pheromones. So even when a dog .... Chloe.sasha leaked onlyfans
Conclusion. A dog licking the ear of another dog is a thing dogs do. It means a lot to them. It's their way of integrating into the pack or of passing on a social favor in the form of a bit of friendly grooming. But just keep in mind, although ear licking is instinctual it can evolve into something more and so you need to be keeping an eye on ...1 Silicone Lick Pad Dog Treat Mat Non Slip Slow Feeder Puppy Pet Food Dish Tray. $ 875. Dog Lick Pad, Mat, Dog Licking Mat Training Slow Feeder Blue. $ 669. Licking Mat for Dog and Cat, Dog Lick Mat, Lick Pads for Dog Anxiety Relief, Frozen Lick mat for Peanut Butter, Boredom and Slow Feeder, Non-Slip Design - red.As with other dog behaviors, there can be several causes, including injuries, skin problems, allergies to canine environments, parasites, or food, and boredom or anxiety. Occasional paw licking is ...When a dog’s tummy has turned black, thickening of the skin (lichenification) and/or hair loss ( alopecia) can go along with hyperpigmentation, making the skin and fur look sad indeed. Long, chronic skin allergies causing the dog to scratch and bite will cause the skin to become thickened (lichenified). I see this most commonly in the groin ...Dogs may be sniff at crotches if you recently have had sexual intercourse or gave birth, or if you're menstruating. These people are giving off a higher level of pheromones. So even when a dog ...The Legend of the Bathroom Dog/The Licked Hand "This girl who has a dog and every night before the goes to bed the dog is at the foot of the bed and she puts her hand out and he licks it and that's her sign tha everything is okay One night she goes to bed and the dog licks her and, but she senses that somethings wrong but um…. the dog keeps licking her hand throughout the night when she ...Licking Another Dog's Mouth. Licking other dogs' mouths is behavior that comes from early puppyhood, when puppies used to lick their mother's lips. The behavior was meant to encourage the mother dog to regurgitate food for them. This may sound odd, but when puppies were being weaned in the wild and started to no longer depend on mother's milk ...About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...For most dogs, we recommend the Lickimat Buddy. This lick mat hits the sweet spot between licking time, size and ease of cleaning. Nothing else comes close. This orange-colored mat is available in two sizes: 8 x 8 inches. 11 x 11 inches. We recommend choosing the large size because it provides more room to smear food.Small Dog Licks Insides of Big Dog's Mouth. Jukin Media. 4:48. Kim - Week 33: Moving licks the dog's boner! Dudley Darrell. 1:23. Dog licks other dog's butt!! And enjoys it! Harper Alf. 0:51. Cat licks dog's crotch. Stephan Arman. 4:36. BAD BABY MAKEUP FAIL! Puppy Licks Gross Food SOPHIA AND SARAH FREAK OUT Toys To See Kids V. Browse 30+ dogs licking girls face stock videos and clips available to use in your projects, or search for girls being tickled to find more stock footage and b-roll video clips. Happy teenage girl laying on coach with big brown Rhodesian... Cute dog licks a happy child lying on the floor on Christmas eve. High quality 4k footage. Teen equestrian Joanne Link plays with dogs at US stables in 1950s. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licks Girls Face stock videos and stock footage. Royalty-free 4K, HD, and analog stock Dog Licks Girls Face videos are available for license in film, television, advertising, and corporate settings.Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licking Girl stock videos and stock footage. Royalty-free 4K, HD, and analog stock Dog Licking Girl videos are available for license in film, television, advertising, and corporate settings.When your dog licks you, especially when you’re mad, they might interpret your emotions as a need for soothing, and they could be trying to share their care and affection with you. Also, licking releases endorphins in dogs, which helps them feel calm and happy. 2. Communication and Greeting.Dogs will normally lick themselves as a part of their grooming routine. Your pet might do this after going to the bathroom, in order to "clean up.". This will usually consist of one or two licks.1. Now, all of this is normal canine behavior. However, there are some times when licking is much more than a grooming issue.SLO MO Woman and her Newfoundland dog cuddling in sunshine. of 3. Australia. Browse Getty Images’ premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dog Licks Girl stock videos and stock footage. Royalty-free 4K, HD and analogue stock Dog Licks Girl videos are available for licence in film, television, advertising and corporate settings.1. Dehydration. If a dog is dehydrated, they may be looking for liquids where ever they can. This can include their urine if they are incredibly thirsty. Dogs are often opportunistic for their food and water, which can put urine on the menu if they're dying for something to drink. ks.Go to Sytem32 or SysWOW64, I found it in both, and copy ... Animal Dog 006 Zooskool - Stray-X The Record part 1 (8 dogs in 1 day ) 32. 1 file PDF download download 1 file SINGLE PAGE PROCESSED TIFF ... Animal Dog 006 Zooskool - Stray-X The Record part 1 (8 dogs in 1 .... Zooskool - The record - Dog 1 Rottie 01:17.Dog Licks Can Give You Sepsis. Find out how. In a terrifying paper called "The Lick of Death," doctors from the Department of Medicine for the Elderly at the University College London ...Close up of woman laying on floor playing with dog on Christmas / Vineyard, Utah, United States. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Dogs Licking Women stock videos and stock footage. Royalty-free 4K, HD, and analog stock Dogs Licking Women videos are available for license in film, television, advertising, and ...8. Trauma to the Area. Any type of trauma to the area can be a cause for licking. Some dogs may get accidentally cut after a grooming session and the dog may feel compelled to lick. Sometimes, a bug bite may be to blame causing local irritation and worsening of the situations through licking. 9..