The weight of this legal size paper is 5.758 g: To calculate this, we use the formula: Weight = Area × grammage. Because grammage is expressed in grams per meter square and the dimensions are in inches, we need to multiply by 0.0254² to express this value in meters. Weight = (8.5 × 14 × 0.0254²) × 75. Weight = 5.758 g.Reference: The Official Air Force Body Mass index standards come from Annex 13 of the Air Force Fitness instruction AFI 36-2905.The instruction was published 21 October 2013 and was verified current December 2018. BLUF: To Pass the BFA a male airman must achieve a body fat percentage equal or lower than 26%.A Male airman must achieve a …Calculators. Military Retirement. BRS Comparison Calculator BRS Calculator High-3 Calculator Final-Pay Calculator REDUX Calculator Medical Retirement. Medical BRS Calculator Medical High-3 Calculator Medical Final Pay CalculatorMay 26, 2021 · WASHINGTON (AFNS) --. The Air Force will resume physical fitness testing July 1 with only three components: push-ups, sit-ups and the 1.5-mile run. Without the waist measurement as a scored component, push-ups and sit-ups will increase from 10 to 20 points each, while the 1.5-mile run will remain at 60 points. Army PFT Calculator: GENDER: Male: FemaleCalculate your fitness score for the Air Force Physical Fitness Test (AF PFT) based on your gender, age, height, weight, abdominal circumference, push-ups, sit-ups and run … View the PT Test Calculator here. This tool was developed by Douglas Ash as a guide for calculating PT test scores. Disclaimer: This was all hand-coded, and may contain errors. Do not base your entire PT test off of this program. Rather, use it as a tool to gauge your PT needs. A 1.5-mile run. One minute of push-ups. One minute of sit-ups. Your performance on all four components is converted into a numerical score. All test takers must get a score of 75 overall (and earn the minimum score in each component) to pass the AF PT Test. Exact physical requirements will vary based on gender and age.Air Force Fitness Test Calculator — FourBitCrew. Your score made simple. No guesswork involved! Developed by Airmen. For Airmen. Simply test score entry for quick results. …May 26, 2023 · Quickly calculate your U.S. Air Force Physical Fitness Assessment (PFA) score. Includes all components, including: 1.5 mile Run 20 m HAMR Shuttles 2.0 km Walk 1 min Push-ups 2 min Hand Release Push-up 1 min Sit-ups 2 min Cross Leg Reverse Crunch Forearm Plank Also include HAMR Run Audio Physical Fitness Program. PURPOSE: Information is used to positively identify an individual prior to administration of the Air Force Physical Fitness Assessment (PFA). Basically, the Air Force is allowing airmen to build their own PT test with the following options: 1.5-mile run or 20-meter beep test shuttle run. Push-ups or hand-release push-ups (aka HR push ...Mar 4, 2021 · PT test pushed to July, updates to scoring, physical components ahead. Published March 4, 2021. By Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs. WASHINGTON (AFNS) --. Physical fitness assessments will now resume for Airmen on July 1. Testing was initially delayed from October 2020 to April 2021 to ensure the health and safety of Airmen during the ... To calculate your potential PT score, you can use an Air Force PT calculator. By inputting your age, gender, running time, waist measurement, and reps for push-ups and sit-ups, the calculator will estimate your score. What is the required 1.5-mile run time to pass the Air Force Physical Fitness Test?Air Force Fitness Test Calculator — FourBitCrew. Your score made simple. No guesswork involved! Developed by Airmen. For Airmen. Simply test score entry for quick results. …The instruction was published 21 October 2013 and was verified current December 2018. BLUF: To Pass the BFA a female airman must achieve a body fat percentage equal or lower than 26%. A Male airman must achieve a BFA equal or lower to 18%. Attachment 20 and 21 contain the scoring tables.This calculator complies with USMC Physical Fitness standards effective March 23, 2022. PFT/CFT Calculator. PFT Test CFT Test. Male; Female; Age: Pushups/Pullups. Choose Event: Pullups. 12. Planks ... This calculator complies with USMC Physical Fitness standards effective March 23, 2022 ...The weight of this legal size paper is 5.758 g: To calculate this, we use the formula: Weight = Area × grammage. Because grammage is expressed in grams per meter square and the dimensions are in inches, we need to multiply by 0.0254² to express this value in meters. Weight = (8.5 × 14 × 0.0254²) × 75. Weight = 5.758 g.Jul 2, 2021 · The Air Force will provide Airmen five physical fitness assessment alternatives—three for the cardio portion and sit-up components and two for the push-up component of the physical fitness assessment beginning in early 2022., PT Score Tool for New PT Score Charts. Discussion. Hey all! I am not completely done yet, but I want to push this tool out for the ones that are done. I’ve made a tool with sliders to … The Army Physical Fitness Test Calculator allows you to estimate your level of fitness according to the U.S. Army APFT Standards. The APFT Calculator calculates your Army Physical Fitness Test score based on your gender, age group, number of sit-ups, number of push-ups, and your two-mile run time. To use our calculator simply: Your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) is an estimation of how many calories you burn per day when exercise is taken into account. It is calculated by first figuring out your Basal Metabolic Rate, then multiplying that value by an activity multiplier. Since your BMR represents how many calories your body burns when at rest, it is necessary ... Web app actually, the URL is https://pt.niemann.app/ . I just made this last week, so hit me up with any feedback, suggestions, etc. The data is pulled straight from the latest PT chart PDFs, so it's accurate. Probably. Ah, that's what went wrong. Hand-release and regular pushups got swapped in the M25-29 bracket.Military pay received a 5.2% increase in 2024 based on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024. The below military pay calculator allows you to see current, past and proposed military pay by pay grade, location and branch of service. The calculator includes base pay, basic allowance for housing (BAH) and …Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS) BAS is meant to offset costs for a member's meals. This allowance is based in the historic origins of the military in which the military provided room and board (or rations) as part of a member's pay. This allowance is not intended to offset the costs of meals for family members. Beginning on January 1 ...Air Force PT Test Calculator - Calculate Your PT Score. 6 days ago Traditional 1.5-mile RunHigh Aerobic Multi-shuttle Run (20M HAMR)2 km Walk (if not medically cleared to run) . 1. Traditional 1.5-mile Run 2. High Aerobic Multi-shuttle Run (20M HAMR) 3. 2 km Walk (if not medically cleared to run)For instance, the Navy, Coast Guard and Air Force have a 1.5-mile test. The Army still does two-mile runs, even though that service recently switched from the Army Physical Fitness Test to the ...Each section of the Air Force PT Test is worth the following number of points: Cardio Test: 60 points; Strength Test: 20 points; Core Strength / Endurance Test: 20 points; Airmen must score at least 75 points in order to pass the PT test. They must also score the minimum required number of points in each of the three categories.The Air Force PT Test App is for the USAF service member who needs a quick and easy solution to calculate fitness test scores. The Air Force Fitness Program is designed to …Conclusion. The Air Force Physical Fitness Assessment (PFA) is an essential component of an Airman’s career, and it measures an individual’s physical readiness. Airmen must meet the minimum passing score for each component of the PFA and get a composite score at least 75 points total to ensure they are prepared for any …Air Force PT Calculator Updated. A few months ago I made a website called afptcalc.com to provide an easy to use one stop shop for Air Force PT needs. It included all the charts and the shuttle audio. I wanted to announce that I made a few changes to the look and feel of the site as well as removing a programming library to speed up the loading ...The Air Force PT Test scores on a scale from 0 to 60, with a minimum of 35 points required in each event to pass for active-duty airmen. The minimum score required to pass the Hamr shuttle run air force event in the APFT depends on the age and gender of the soldier. The maximum score you can get in the AF Hamr Shuttle Run Test event is 60 points.6 is serving a probationary period under DAFI 36-3211, Military Separations.Promotion Eligibility Status Code K (see Note 2). X X X X 7 declines promotion consideration/testing and hasan AF Form 1566, WAPS Test Verification, 1566A, Declination of SNCO Promotion Consideration (found on the myFSS website), or written declination for promotionAirforce pt calculator online. Enter your gender, age, waist circumference and neck circumference. then click the "calculate airforce pt" button. Age. Sex. Abdominal …AUTHORITY: Title 10 United States Code 9013, Secretary of the Air Force: AFMAN 36-2905, Air Force Physical Fitness Program. PRIMARY PURPOSE: You are being asked these questions for your safety and health. The AF Fitness Assessment (FA) is a maximum effort test. Airmen who have not been exercising regularly and/or have underlying …According to the leaked images, the new measurement involves simply dividing an Airmen’s waist measurement by their height, both in inches. Any number between 0.40 to 0.49 would be deemed low risk; a number between 0.50 and 0.54 would be deemed a moderate risk while still meeting Air Force standards; and any number at 0.55 …Let the patient's PT equal 22 seconds, the control PT equal 12, and ISI equal 1.3. Divide the patient's PT by the control PT. This yields 1.83. Raise this number by a factor of the ISI, giving 2.2. In this case, INR equals 2.2. Patient's prothrombin time. Standardized prothrombin time.May 30, 2022 · The Air Force PT maintains separate scoring standards for males and females and breaks each gender into nine age groups: under 25, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59 and over 60. Airmen can score up to 60 points on the cardio fitness test, 20 points on the upper body strength test, and 20 points on the core strength test. 187.5micrograms. 125micrograms. <20ml/min. 62.5–125micrograms. 50–75micrograms. *Creatinine clearance - use the CrCl calculator in the GGC Medicines App, or on SharePoint / Clinical Info (NHS network required) or use the equation here. Target concentration range: 0.5–2micrograms/L (6–24 hours after the dose) Time to steady …Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) Calculator. October 26, 2017 ArmyTrainer. Below are the top six Army Physical Fitness Test Calculators I was able to find on the web. While the army does not officially publish an APFT Calculator, there are a number of private websites that have taken the APFT standards and created their own …For instance, the Navy, Coast Guard and Air Force have a 1.5-mile test. The Army still does two-mile runs, even though that service recently switched from the Army Physical Fitness Test to the ...For instance, the Navy, Coast Guard and Air Force have a 1.5-mile test. The Army still does two-mile runs, even though that service recently switched from the Army Physical Fitness Test to the ...USAF Fitness Assessment Scoring / Males 35-39 years of age Final Version ; Cardiorespiratory Endurance Muscular Fitness Run Time (mins:secs) Health Risk …The Air Force Fitness Program goal is to motivate Airmen to participate in a year-round physical conditioning program that emphasizes total fitness, to include proper aerobic conditioning, strength and flexibility training, and healthy eating. Health benefits from an active lifestyle will increase productivity, optimize health, and decrease ... Calculators. Military Retirement. BRS Comparison Calculator BRS Calculator High-3 Calculator Final-Pay Calculator REDUX Calculator Medical Retirement. Medical BRS Calculator Medical High-3 Calculator Medical Final Pay Calculator The Air Force will provide Airmen five physical fitness assessment alternatives—three for the cardio portion and sit-up components and two for the push-up component of the physical fitness assessment beginning in early 2022., ... Users can also access a calculator for estimating fitness results and composite scores.dafman36-2905 21 april 2022 5 attachment 2—physical fitness assessment verbal instructions 52 attachment 3—altitude time correction for 1.5 mile run, 2.0 kilometer walk, …Air Force Grading Score Formula. BLUF: The Fitness Assessment is calculated with the below formula. 60% = Aerobic test. 20% = Body Composition. 10% = Pushups. 10% = Situps. Reference: The grading score formula comes from AFI 36-2905 and was verified current as of December 2018. Members must earn a composite score of 75 or greater …Loading. ×Sorry to interruptSorry to interruptThe Air Force PT Calculator is a dynamic tool designed to assess your fitness level based on the Air Force's Physical Training (PT) requirements. Utilizing parameters such as age, …Publication type. Stroke information. Around 1.2 million people in the UK have atrial fibrillation (AF), a type of irregular heartbeat. Having AF means that blood clots are more likely to form in your heart, increasing your risk of stroke. This guide explains how AF is diagnosed and treated, and treatments to reduce your risk of a stroke.The Air Force Fitness Program goal is to motivate Airmen to participate in a year-round physical conditioning program that emphasizes total fitness, to include proper aerobic conditioning, strength and flexibility training, and healthy eating. Health benefits from an active lifestyle will increase productivity, optimize health, and decrease ...Army PFT Calculator: GENDER: Male: FemaleWASHINGTON (AFNS) --. The Air Force will officially add new alternative components to physical fitness assessments beginning Jan. 1, 2022. The updated scoring charts can be found here. After announcing the components in July, over 9,000 data points were collected to determine the point values for each component by assessing …Go to the tool here. This calculator can be used to calculate the Air Force’s new height to waist requirement. The WHtR measures excess fat distribution in the abdominal region and is calculated by dividing waist circumference by height. Excess fat distribution in the abdominal region is associated with increased health risk.The Air Force PT Calculator is a dynamic tool designed to assess your fitness level based on the Air Force's Physical Training (PT) requirements. Utilizing parameters such as age, …Explore the guidelines. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Atrial fibrillation affects more than 500,000 Australians, and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. These are the first Australian guidelines on atrial fibrillation produced by the National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Cardiac ...WASHINGTON (AFNS) --. The Air Force will officially add new alternative components to physical fitness assessments beginning Jan. 1, 2022. The updated scoring charts can be found here. After announcing the components in July, over 9,000 data points were collected to determine the point values for each component by assessing …Nov 12, 2021 · Going forward, men and women’s scores will be split into nine age groups: under 25, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59 and over 60. Airmen can score up to 60 points on the cardio ... High Altitude Corrections. BLUF: Below are the altitude tables for Airmen taking the run/walk portion of the FA above 5250 feet. Reference: The high altitude corrections for the 1.5 mile run or 2km walk come from AFI 36-2905 which can be downloaded on our reference page. This instruction was verified current as of December 2018.All Air Force Airmen must maintain a necessary level of physical fitness to meet the science-based standards of the Air Force Physical Fitness Assessment (PFA) in accordance with (IAW) DAFMAN 36-2905. The PFA is designed with health criteria standards to ensure Airmen are present for duty in good health and general fitness.dafman36-2905 21 april 2022 5 attachment 2—physical fitness assessment verbal instructions 52 attachment 3—altitude time correction for 1.5 mile run, 2.0 kilometer walk, and 20-meter hamr 57 attachment 4—written order pfa administrators 59 attachment 5—fitness procedures for persons identifying as transgender 61 attachment … The Army Physical Fitness Test Calculator allows you to estimate your level of fitness according to the U.S. Army APFT Standards. The APFT Calculator calculates your Army Physical Fitness Test score based on your gender, age group, number of sit-ups, number of push-ups, and your two-mile run time. To use our calculator simply: Air Force Instructions and Official Guidance. If any of these links are broken or out-of-date, please visit the USAF ePubs website and search for the number of the document, or use Google to try to find a new copy.. AFROTC Cadet Operations. AFROTCI 36-2011 – Cadet Operations (PDF) CAO 21 June 2023 – This is the main governing document for all …The Air Force will resume physical fitness testing July 1 with only three components: push-ups, sit-ups and the 1.5-mile run. Without the waist measurement as a scored component, push-ups and sit-ups will increase from 10 to 20 points each, while the 1.5-mile run will remain at 60 points. Scoring will fall into five-year age groups, as … The views and opinions presented herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of DoD or its Components. Appearance of, or reference to, any commercial products or services does not constitute DoD endorsement of those products or services. To calculate your potential PT score, you can use an Air Force PT calculator. By inputting your age, gender, running time, waist measurement, and reps for push-ups and sit-ups, the calculator will estimate your score. What is the required 1.5-mile run time to pass the Air Force Physical Fitness Test?This Air Pressure PT Calculator contains all the alt alternate components with excluded! This AF POINT Calc even includes the points charts real sliders for easy real-time test score calculations! Shuttle run voice is see available. Based about dafman 36-2905 this AF Fitness Computers is the only stop shop to calculate AF PT Test tons.organizations that support them with a tool to monitor and track physical fitness. A fitness calculator, available to anyone with access to the Air Force Portal, allows the entry of six variables and computation of that person’s fitness score according to the policies of the Air Force Surgeon General.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.High Altitude Corrections. BLUF: Below are the altitude tables for Airmen taking the run/walk portion of the FA above 5250 feet. Reference: The high altitude corrections for the 1.5 mile run or 2km walk come from AFI 36-2905 which can be downloaded on our reference page. This instruction was verified current as of December 2018.High Altitude Corrections. BLUF: Below are the altitude tables for Airmen taking the run/walk portion of the FA above 5250 feet. Reference: The high altitude corrections for the 1.5 mile run or 2km walk come from AFI 36-2905 which can be downloaded on our reference page. This instruction was verified current as of December 2018.The Air Force will resume physical fitness testing on July 1, 2021. The 1.5-mile run component is weighted as the highest scored portion of the assessment, accounting for 60 component points of the 100 point composite score., The official News page of the Air Force Medical Service, providing the latest articles about Air Force Medicine and the …The Bod Pod® Body Composition Tracking System The Bod Pod® Body Composition Tracking System uses air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to determine the body’s fatty mass to lean mass ratio. It is the only authorized ADP for use with the supplemental body fat assessment right now. This system is as accurate as hydrostatic (underwater ...The new ACFT calculator (Army Combat Fitness Test) determines whether you're ready to apply for your dream unit in the Army. The tool uses the recently released army ACFT standards applied in the new army PT test. In October 2020, it replaced the old APFT calculator. While it is still obligatory to fulfill body fat requirements (check the army ...The new Air Force PT test got rid of the waist measurement and changed the age groups from 10-year groups to 5-year groups. In addition, Airmen may now choose to take an alternative activity in lieu of the standard 1.5-mile run, timed pushups, or timed situps. The cardio portion of the test continues to be worth 60 points while the strength …The Air Force will provide Airmen five physical fitness assessment alternatives—three for the cardio portion and sit-up components and two for the push-up component of the physical fitness assessment beginning in early 2022., ... Users can also access a calculator for estimating fitness results and composite scores.Published Nov. 12, 2021. Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs. WASHINGTON (AFNS) --. The Air Force will officially add new alternative components to physical fitness assessments beginning Jan. 1, 2022. The updated scoring charts can be found here. After announcing the components in July, over 9,000 data points were collected to determine ...Volume is the amount of space that an object or substance occupies. Generally, the volume of a container is understood as its capacity — not the amount of space the container itself displaces. Cubic meter (m 3) is an SI unit for volume.. However, the term volume may also refer to many other things, such as. the degree of loudness or …The instruction was published 21 October 2013 and was verified current December 2018. BLUF: To Pass the BFA a female airman must achieve a body fat percentage equal or lower than 26%. A Male airman must achieve a BFA equal or lower to 18%. Attachment 20 and 21 contain the scoring tables.May 26, 2021 · WASHINGTON (AFNS) --. The Air Force will resume physical fitness testing July 1 with only three components: push-ups, sit-ups and the 1.5-mile run. Without the waist measurement as a scored component, push-ups and sit-ups will increase from 10 to 20 points each, while the 1.5-mile run will remain at 60 points. Calculate your fitness level based on the US Air Force PFT components: push-ups, sit-ups, and 1.5-mile run. Learn the formulas, significance, and real-life application of the test.The Air Force will resume physical fitness testing July 1 with only three components: push-ups, sit-ups and the 1.5-mile run. Without the waist measurement as a scored component, push-ups and sit-ups will increase from 10 to 20 points each, while the 1.5-mile run will remain at 60 points. Scoring will fall into five-year age groups, as …This is a tool designed to help with the Army Physical Fitness Test used in the U.S. to test the muscular strength and endurance of soldiers. This APFT calculator uses the common database to analyze the performance in the three events of the test, push ups, sit ups and the time in the 2 mile run. Each of the three events is scored ranging from ...organizations that support them with a tool to monitor and track physical fitness. A fitness calculator, available to anyone with access to the Air Force Portal, allows the entry of six variables and computation of that person’s fitness score according to the policies of the Air Force Surgeon General.6 is serving a probationary period under DAFI 36-3211, Military Separations.Promotion Eligibility Status Code K (see Note 2). X X X X 7 declines promotion consideration/testing and hasan AF Form 1566, WAPS Test Verification, 1566A, Declination of SNCO Promotion Consideration (found on the myFSS website), or written declination for promotionPT Score Tool for New PT Score Charts. Discussion. Hey all! I am not completely done yet, but I want to push this tool out for the ones that are done. I’ve made a tool with sliders to …
The Air Force standard Physical Fitness Assessment (PFA), also known as the Tier 1 PFA, tests muscular endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance. The PFA consists of 3 events: a test of cardiorespiratory endurance with either a 1.5-mile run or 20-meter shuttle run, a push-up assessment doing either 1 minute of standard push-ups or 2 …. Clout hub
Air Force Fitness Test Calculator — FourBitCrew. Your score made simple. No guesswork involved! Developed by Airmen. For Airmen. Simply test score entry for quick results. …Publication type. Stroke information. Around 1.2 million people in the UK have atrial fibrillation (AF), a type of irregular heartbeat. Having AF means that blood clots are more likely to form in your heart, increasing your risk of stroke. This guide explains how AF is diagnosed and treated, and treatments to reduce your risk of a stroke.Published Nov. 12, 2021. Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs. WASHINGTON (AFNS) --. The Air Force will officially add new alternative components to physical fitness assessments beginning Jan. 1, 2022. The updated scoring charts can be found here. After announcing the components in July, over 9,000 data points were collected to determine ...EN, ES, PT & more: 🏆 Practice: Improve your math skills: 😍 Step by step: In depth solution steps: ⭐️ Rating: 4.6 ... Related Symbolab blog posts. High School Math Solutions – Systems of Equations Calculator, Elimination. A system of equations is a collection of two or more equations with the same set of variables. In this blog post ...The Air Force PT Test App is for the USAF service member who needs a quick and easy solution to calculate fitness test scores. The Air Force Fitness Program is designed to … The APFT calculator is an invaluable tool for military personnel and fitness instructors, aiding in the assessment and tracking of progress towards meeting the Army's physical fitness standards. This article explores the significance of the APFT, elucidates the mechanics of the calculator, and discusses its pivotal role in evaluating military ... Free. Screenshots. Determine your AFT / PFT score! U.S. Air Force Academy PFT and AFT Calculator. App Privacy. See Details. The developer, Jesse Fimian, indicated that the …PT Score Tool for New PT Score Charts. Discussion. Hey all! I am not completely done yet, but I want to push this tool out for the ones that are done. I’ve made a tool with sliders to …EN, ES, PT & more: 🏆 Practice: Improve your math skills: 😍 Step by step: In depth solution steps: ⭐️ Rating: 4.6 ... Related Symbolab blog posts. High School Math Solutions – Systems of Equations Calculator, Elimination. A system of equations is a collection of two or more equations with the same set of variables. In this blog post ...Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common recurrent arrhythmia in adult clinical practice and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. 1,2 AF is independently associated with stroke, heart failure and all-cause death. 1–3 The prevalence of AF is estimated to be 2–4% in developed countries 1,4 and increases with age, but ...Volume is the amount of space that an object or substance occupies. Generally, the volume of a container is understood as its capacity — not the amount of space the container itself displaces. Cubic meter (m 3) is an SI unit for volume.. However, the term volume may also refer to many other things, such as. the degree of loudness or …Basically, the Air Force is allowing airmen to build their own PT test with the following options: 1.5-mile run or 20-meter beep test shuttle run. Push-ups or hand-release push-ups (aka HR push ...The James Smith Fitness Calculator is a free online tool that helps you determine your ideal calorie intake and macronutrient split for fat loss, muscle gain, or maintenance. The calculator is easy to use and provides accurate and up-to-date information. Additionally, the calculator is backed by James Smith’s expertise as a personal trainer ...WASHINGTON, July 2, 2021 - The Air Force will provide Airmen five physical fitness assessment alternatives—three for the cardio portion and sit-up components and two for the push-up component of the physical fitness assessment beginning in early 2022. The APFT calculator is an invaluable tool for military personnel and fitness instructors, aiding in the assessment and tracking of progress towards meeting the Army's physical fitness standards. This article explores the significance of the APFT, elucidates the mechanics of the calculator, and discusses its pivotal role in evaluating military ... .