Ghost ants florida

The ghost ant is a tropical species, found mainly in south and central Florida. In northern states, these ants have been known to survive only in heated buildings and greenhouses. ... Ghost ants are constantly on the move from nest to nest and use random patterns when foraging for food. Look for ghost ants in or around kitchens, bathrooms and ...Identifying Florida Carpenter Ants: The Florida carpenter ant may vary in color, from black, brown, reddish, or light brown. They are about 1/5” to ½” in length, typically. Florida carpenter ants are best identified by their habitats, as they prefer to nest in trees and wood. During late spring and early summer, some Florida carpenter ants ...These ants eat honeydew that they collect from plant-feeding insects. They often tend aphids to collect the honeydew. The workers also gather insects to feed the colony. When they are indoors, ghost ants usually prefer sweets. Outdoors, ghost ants make their nest in the ground. Florida Ghost Ants often nest beside stones, logs and firewood piles.Jul 19, 2023 · Ghost and sugar ants are both common household pests in Florida. While they look similar, ghost ants are smaller and have a translucent appearance, while sugar ants are larger and have a more solid color. Ghost ants are also attracted to a wider range of foods, while sugar ants are primarily attracted to sugary foods. Apr 29, 2022 · 3. Set Ant Baits. “The most effective method for controlling an ant infestation is using ant baits. Set them out anywhere you see ants and expect a party,” Gangloff-Kaufmann says. “If you ... Ghost Ants (Tapinoma melanocephalum) are pests in regions of Florida such as Gainesville and Orlando. These are small ants that grow to a maximum of 1.5mm. They are bicolored ants that are easy to recognize due to their contrasting colors. The head and thorax are dark brown, almost black. Gasters and legs are white. We can identify which ants you’re dealing with and where they’re coming from, enabling us to effectively eliminate the entire problem in a safe, efficient manner. For ant control you can trust, contact Reynolds. Get Started With Reynolds Pest …Identifying Florida Carpenter Ants: The Florida carpenter ant may vary in color, from black, brown, reddish, or light brown. They are about 1/5” to ½” in length, typically. Florida carpenter ants are best identified by their habitats, as they prefer to nest in trees and wood. During late spring and early summer, some Florida carpenter ants ...An ant weighs, on average, between 1 and 5 milligrams. With almost 10,000 ant species worldwide, the combined weight of all the ants on Earth is greater than that of all the people...Learn about ghost ants, tiny white ants that infest South Florida homes and yards. Find out how to identify, prevent, and treat these pests with professional pe…Additionally, ghost ants are cooperative and will share nests and spaces with spiders and more. This way, they are protected from predators, and the spider uses their nest as a mound for web creation. In the case of a ghost ant infestation, Drive-Bye Exterminators will come right out and begin the process of eradication. Ghost Ants Prevented5. Turmeric powder. Turmeric powder is another effective, inexpensive home remedy to kill ghost ants. Spreading this powder around ants nesting place will help in getting rid of them entirely. 6. Mint. Mint powder or leaves are another home remedy to kill ants and many other insects.According to wildlife researchers, there are about 221 species of ants in this part of the world and many consider central Florida’s ant population beyond control, leading to an increased demand for experienced pest control companies to step in. Ghost Ants. Some of the most common pests in Central Florida are ghost ants.Nov 30, 2021 ... If you can find Malathion, Daizinon or Liquid Seven that seems to work for me. First 2 have a strong odor but dissipates after a few hours. (NLA ...The four ghosts who appear in “A Christmas Carol” by Charles Dickens are Jacob Marley, the Ghost of Christmas Past, the Ghost of Christmas Present and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to...Exclusion. Inspect the outside perimeter of your home for potential nests and ant entry points. Use caulk to plug any holes. "Keep in mind when looking for areas …Nov 8, 2023 · “Sugar ant” is a general term not specific to any single ant species. In Florida, the name often refers to the Ghost Ant, distinguishable by its dark head and thorax with a pale abdomen and legs. Sugar ants can be controlled using various methods, including baits, sealing entry points, natural remedies, cleanliness, and professional pest ... Aug 27, 2023 · Mix white vinegar and water in a 2:1 ratio, apply it to the entry points, and completely drench the nesting sites of ghost ants to kill most of them. Brine: Prepare salt and water solution to eradicate the ghost ants. Spray the solution on the nesting site of ghost ants and leave it overnight for the best results. Ghost Ants are tiny ants with a dark head and thorax and a pale abdomen. Ghost ant colonies are found in switch plates and electrical outlets and in other dark voids. They can nest either outdoors or indoors. Colonies of ghost ants have many queens. The workers are small and difficult to see, but one can follow trails from their nest to food ...Ghost ants may develop huge colonies containing thousands of workers and numerous queens. ... This ant is now a major pest throughout most of Florida and several of the Hawaiian Islands. It occasionally is found in apartments and greenhouses in northern states. These ants nest outdoors under items on the ground, within landscape mulch, beneath ...Ghost ant, is the same size, but transparent on the rear half and gray/black on the upper half. Ghost ants walk nervously when compared to pharaoh ants, which are slower, and in straighter rows. ... The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has set the official bat maternity season from April 15th through August 15th. During ...Tropical in origin, this ant is now a major pest in Florida and Hawaii, in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean Islands. It's also a pest in coastal areas of Texas. In these warm locations, the ghost ant infests both indoors and outdoors. ... Ghost ants are tiny "one-node" ants, about 1/16-inch long (1.3-1.5 mm), smaller even than Pharaoh ants.In Florida, ghost ants are prevalent in urban and suburban areas, particularly in coastal regions. They are often found in homes, gardens, and other outdoor …Additionally, ghost ants are cooperative and will share nests and spaces with spiders and more. This way, they are protected from predators, and the spider uses their nest as a mound for web creation. In the case of a ghost ant infestation, Drive-Bye Exterminators will come right out and begin the process of eradication. Ghost Ants PreventedTreatment. We apply an initial treatment to the interior and exterior of your house to knock out active pests and prevent new infestations. We take the time ... The ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius), was considered a nuisance ant that was only occasionally important as a house pest within Florida as late as 1988. Field populations were confined to South Florida, although active colonies had been reported as far north as Gainesville, in Alachua County (Bloomcamp and Bieman, personal ... They are genetically similar to other species of ants such as the Pharaoh ant, sugar ants, and odorous house ants. Ghost ants are most commonly found in south Florida because of the climate. The worker ants are about 1 5 mm long, with pale legs and abdomens and dark brown heads and thoraxes, which are moderate to large in size.Keep Things Clean. Sanitation is critical for the prevention and control of any pest. Like all living creatures, ants need water, food, and shelter for survival. Ants leave the shelter of their colony to find …A fan spray that is at least 3 feet high on the side of the building and 3 to 6 feet out on the ground will provide excellent protection. Step 4) Indoors: Wait, don't spray!-Better to Bait. With Ghost ants, the use of residual sprays indoors will only cause stress on the colony, causing it to split into a larger number of sub-colonies.Nov 2, 2013 ... This video shows three different species of ants that are kept at the Urban Entomology Lab at the University of Florida in Gainesville.Ghost Ants. Tiny ants with a dark head and translucent legs and gasters, ghost ants are found in large numbers in Florida and other tropical areas and are a typical nuisance to greenhouse owners. They are highly adaptable to nesting habitats and are found both indoors and outdoors. ... This ant species is most active during Florida’s rainy ...Ghost Ants in Florida: Tiny Terrors Invading Our Kitchens. Florida, a state known for its diverse wildlife and natural beauty, faces a growing menace in the form of ghost ants (Tapinoma melanocephalum). These tiny insects, native to the Caribbean region, have made their way into the Sunshine State, infesting homes and causing headaches for ...Ghost ants are attracted to human food, especially sweets and meats. If you leave even a few crumbs out, these critters won't hesitate to overtake your ...Nov 8, 2023 · “Sugar ant” is a general term not specific to any single ant species. In Florida, the name often refers to the Ghost Ant, distinguishable by its dark head and thorax with a pale abdomen and legs. Sugar ants can be controlled using various methods, including baits, sealing entry points, natural remedies, cleanliness, and professional pest ... Jan 10, 2024 · To use borax, follow these steps: Put on safety gloves. Make a solution of 1/2 teaspoon (tsp) borax, 8 tsp sugar, and 1 cup warm water. Stir until the sugar and borax are dissolved. Saturate ... Ghost Ants in Florida. Ghost ants are a tropical and subtropical species and are very common household pests in Florida. They can be found in temperate climates and generally inside buildings and structures. Colonies of ghost ants may be moderate to large in size, (100 to 1000 individuals) with numerous queens. Some interesting facts about ghost ants: These ants are tropical and have been found in southern and central Florida for several years. They are generally transported in crates and boxes. They can live indoors or outdoors if the weather is warm enough. They nest in the ground near stones, logs, woodpiles, moist grass, and plant …Mar 29, 2023 · Ghost ants, also known as black-headed ants, are tiny, less than one-sixteenth of an inch. The head and thorax are dark brown, while the gaster (the bulbous hind part of the body) and legs are an almost translucent milky white. When viewed on a light surface, the legs and gaster all but disappear, giving the impression of a disembodied head. It is known for its painful, burning stings that result in pustules and intense itching. Native to South America, these fire ants are considered an invasive species in the United States. They are aggressive, reddish brown to black, and from one-eighth to one-quarter of an inch long. The effects of a fire ant sting can last up to 10 days and ...Ghost ants introduced to South Florida most likely by boat in shipping containers. Introduced to the US in shipping containers and potted plants, ghost …Of course, the most famous ant in Florida is an invader from South America, the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Fire ants are known for their sting and the blister it causes. They will forage on insects, seeds, carrion, and even fruits like strawberries, peppers, etc. ... The ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum, is another invasive ...Natural ant killers. Diatomaceous Earth. Pure boric acid. Old favorite ingredients of the pest-eradication world can be very useful when it comes to killing off indoor ghost ants without alerting the larger nest. Diatomaceous earth, boric acid, baking powder and so forth – these simple, cheap, natural and often homemade ant killers will ...The ghost ant invaded Southern Florida in the 1980’s. By the mid 1990’s, ghost ants migrated to central Florida and became major nuisances in homes throughout the state. It’s been believed that they originated from either Africa or an Oriental country and were likely brought in by cargo ship. This invasive ant species is a tropical pest ...Whether you believe in ghosts or not, there’s no denying that they have become a fascinating subject in the world of cinema. Movie ghosts have been haunting our screens for decades...Identifying Florida Carpenter Ants: The Florida carpenter ant may vary in color, from black, brown, reddish, or light brown. They are about 1/5” to ½” in length, typically. Florida carpenter ants are best identified by their habitats, as they prefer to nest in trees and wood. During late spring and early summer, some Florida carpenter ants ...Natural ant killers. Diatomaceous Earth. Pure boric acid. Old favorite ingredients of the pest-eradication world can be very useful when it comes to killing off indoor ghost ants without alerting the larger nest. Diatomaceous earth, boric acid, baking powder and so forth – these simple, cheap, natural and often homemade ant killers will ...Here are a few prevention tips we recommend to prevent ghost ants and other pests like them from invading your Boca Raton home. Use a caulking gun to seal up gaps and cracks in the exterior of your home. Specifically, check its foundation, along the edges of window and door frames, and around utility pipes. Make sure your gutters are in …Ghost ants introduced to South Florida most likely by boat in shipping containers. Introduced to the US in shipping containers and potted plants, ghost ants were well established in South and Central Florida as well as Hawaii by the early 1990s. They made their way to Texas by 1995 in a shipment of potted tropical plants from South …Most commonly, it is found at the base region of an American beech tree and builds colonies of moderate size regulated by queens and grown by workers. Types of ants in Florida include African bigheaded ants, ghost ants, rough node snapping ants, Florida carpenter ants, little yellow ants, red imported ants, obscure rover ants, Florida trap-jaw ...Florida, for example, is home to a great number of species, including Argentine ants, ghost ants, pharaoh ants, and white-footed ants. ... Florida Ants Identification. Ants are a social insect and are typically found living and working in large colonies. Keeping this in mind, if you have seen one making its way through your …However, ghost ants are unique because they can adapt to live both indoors and outdoors, making them true survivors. In places like central and southern Florida, these ants have become a common sight, thriving in the warm climate. Ghost ants are avid consumers of honeydew, which they harvest from aphids and other plant-feeding insects, often ...Acrobat Ants · Argentine Ants · Carpenter Ants · Fire Ants · Ghost Ants · Little Black Ants · Odorous House Ants · Pavement Ants.Size: Ghost ants are tiny, measuring around 1.3 to 1.5 millimeters in length. Color: Their pale, translucent bodies make them appear almost invisible against many backgrounds. Abdomen: Ghost ants have a dark-colored abdomen, often described as “heart-shaped” or “club-shaped.” Legs and Antennae: Their legs and antennae are …According to wildlife researchers, there are about 221 species of ants in this part of the world and many consider central Florida’s ant population beyond control, leading to an increased demand for experienced pest control companies to step in. Ghost Ants. Some of the most common pests in Central Florida are ghost ants.A fan spray that is at least 3 feet high on the side of the building and 3 to 6 feet out on the ground will provide excellent protection. Step 4) Indoors: Wait, don't spray!-Better to Bait. With Ghost ants, the use of residual sprays indoors will only cause stress on the colony, causing it to split into a larger number of sub-colonies.A ghost credit card is a credit card number assigned to a business department available for use by multiple employees. Ghost credit cards are sometimes issued in lieu of a traditio...The Rolls Royce Ghost Convertible is a luxurious and powerful vehicle that offers unrivaled performance. With its sleek design, powerful engine, and advanced technology, the Ghost ...Ghost ants are a common pest problem in Florida. They can be found in kitchens and bathrooms throughout Volusia, Flagler, Seminole, Lake, Orange and Brevard counties. Ghost ants are small - very small. This is why they are called ghost ants. They seem to appear out of nowhere. Ghost ants are extremely well adapted to living both outdoors … Florida, a state known for its diverse wildlife and natural beauty, faces a growing menace in the form of ghost ants (Tapinoma melanocephalum). These tiny insects, native to the Caribbean region, have made their way into the Sunshine State, infesting homes and causing headaches for residents, particularly in kitchens. A ghost credit card is a credit card number assigned to a business department available for use by multiple employees. Ghost credit cards are sometimes issued in lieu of a traditio...Oct 14, 2020 ... Ghost Ants. Hello,. We recently moved into a ... They have continually baited yet the ghost ants come back with a vengeance. ... I live in Tampa, FL ...Finding the right ghost writer for your project can be a daunting task. With so many writers out there, it can be hard to know which one is best suited to your project. Here are so...Ghost ants are one of the smallest ant species. Workers measure only one-twentieth of an inch (1.3 mm to 1.5 mm) long. The ghost ant thrives in our semi-tropical climate and will nest indoors and outdoors. White-footed Ants. White-footed ants have become an established and prevalent pest ant in South Florida.In 1995, a survey of the pest ants of Florida (Klotz et al. 1995) reported these eight species as having the highest percentages of customer calls to pest control companies: red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren - 14% ; ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius) - 14% ; crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) - 14%In Florida, ghost ants are prevalent in urban and suburban areas, particularly in coastal regions. They are often found in homes, gardens, and other outdoor areas, where they nest in a variety of locations, including soil, leaf litter, and decaying wood. They are also known to nest in wall voids, behind baseboards, and in other indoor …Behavior: Ghost ants may develop huge colonies containing thousands of workers and numerous queens. This species may be difficult to control and does not feed … Ghost Ants are typically extremely difficult to control due to their interconnected colonies and vast numbers. Sugar ants or ghost ants are the most common pest control problem in Florida. These small, fast-moving ants are frequently seen in the kitchen or bathroom and are practically translucent. Though ghost ants may go unnoticed for periods ... While a ghost ant colony usually has somewhere between 100-1000 ants, a sugar ant colony can consist of anywhere between 15 ants to 50,000 ants. They also look pretty unique. While ghost ants are basically invisible and extremely tiny, sugar ants usually have black heads and brown bodies and can get up to 18 millimeters long.ANTS , Pharoh ANTS , Ghost ANTS, Carpenter ANTS, CrazyANTS , White footedANTS ,ANTS FLORIDAJun 16, 2020 ... DIY elimination of Ghost Ants. These ants can and do take ... Pest Control | How to Get Rid of Ghost Ants | Exterminators in South Florida and the ...These ants eat honeydew that they collect from plant-feeding insects. They often tend aphids to collect the honeydew. The workers also gather insects to feed the …Ghost ants issues are among the eight most common ant pest control issues in the state of Florida. Ghost ants are highly adaptable in their nesting habits. They …Ghost Ants (Tapinoma melanocephalum): Known for their pale coloration and ghostly translucent body, Ghost ants are common in many Florida homes. They're tiny, barely reaching 1.5 mm, and are keenly attracted to sugary substances. They often nest in hidden spaces such as wall voids and cabinets.See All Ant Photos and Videos. (866) 395-6319. Ghost Ant Infestations. A sighting of small ghost ant workers is the usual sign of their presence. New colonies often are formed when a queen and a contingent of workers separating from the main colony to form a new colony elsewhere. This can happen multiple times, depending on the number of queens ...Indoors, ghost ants nest in cabinets, walls and potted plants and behind baseboards. Outdoors, they can be found under logs, stones, potted plants, etc. These ants prefer sweets but will eat insects. They tend insects for honeydew. Because of their high water requirements, they can be found trailing to water sources.Some of the most common types of ants found in Florida homes are sugar ants and fire ants. Sugar ants, also known as ghost ants, are small ants that are attracted to sweet foods and can be found in kitchens and pantries. Fire ants, on the other hand, are known for their painful bites and can be found in lawns and gardens.Ghost ants, like many other invasive pest species, are able to re-distribtute themselves quickly and effectively due to myriad factors, first and foremost being their polygyny nesting strategy. ... In the United States, the ghost ant is well established in Florida and Hawaii, and its range is expanding. The ant reached Texas in 1994 or 1995 ...Pharaoh ants (Figure 7), some kinds of fire ants (Figure 8), ghost ants (Figure 9), and Argentine ants (Figure 10) spread colonies by budding. ... Florida carpenter ants (Figure 12) do not eat wood (as is the case with termites), but excavate galleries in it to rear their young. Carpenter ants feed on honeydew from sucking insects, household ...Hiring a ghost writer can be a great way to get your message out to the world without having to do all the work yourself. One of the biggest advantages of hiring a ghost writer is ...Ghost ants have dark heads and translucent bodies, as well as small size. They are very fast and typically avoid contact with humans but will attack any sweets ...Ghost ants are a common pest problem in Florida. They can be found in kitchens and bathrooms throughout Volusia, Flagler, Seminole, Lake, Orange and Brevard counties. Ghost ants are small - very small. This is why they are called ghost ants. They seem to appear out of nowhere. Ghost ants are extremely well adapted to living both outdoors …There are many things that are plentiful here in Florida, like palm trees, sun, sand, and ants. There are also many different types of ants within the great state of Florida, but the most common are: Acrobat ants; Argentine ants; Carpenter ants; Fire ants; Ghost ants; Odorous house ants; Pavement ants; Pharaoh antsNov 2, 2013 ... This video shows three different species of ants that are kept at the Urban Entomology Lab at the University of Florida in Gainesville.Ghost Ants are teeny, tiny ants. Their head and thorax is generally deep dark brown while the abdomen is nearly transparent. The small size combined with the ...A: Fire ants, carpenter ants, and ghost ants are different species of ants found in Florida. Fire ants are known for their aggressive nature and painful stings. Carpenter ants are known for burrowing into wood and can cause damage to structures. Ghost ants are small, pale-colored ants that are often found indoors.Feb 6, 2018 ... Ghost ants behave fairly typically for ants. They're not native to Florida. They're actually from the tropics, but they've come into the state ...Carpenter Ants – Also known as “Bull Ants,” measuring from 1/10-3/4 of an inch, Florida carpenter ants are bicolored appearing reddish-brown with a brown or black abdomen. Carpenter ant bites are particularly painful to humans and pets so take care when dealing with them. Carpenter ants tend to build their nests in pre-existing voids in ...The ant season in Florida is typically spring, between April and June. However, ants are active here in most of the months, including the rainy season. ... and the tiny red ones are the pharaoh ants. The tiny black ones are mostly the sugar ants that bite. The ghost ants are one of the smallest in the state. The common red and black ants here ...Carpenter Ants – Also known as “Bull Ants,” measuring from 1/10-3/4 of an inch, Florida carpenter ants are bicolored appearing reddish-brown with a brown or black abdomen. Carpenter ant bites are particularly painful to humans and pets so take care when dealing with them. Carpenter ants tend to build their nests in pre-existing voids in ...Earth’s Best can always provide you with the latest and most comprehensive range of services and information needed to protect your children, employees, pets, and the environment. We look forward to offering our pest control services to our current and future clients. To schedule an appointment please call us at 1-800-634-1313.From the spine-chilling apparitions in horror films to the friendly spirits in heartwarming tales, movie ghosts have long captivated audiences with their ethereal presence. But how...Dec 25, 2022 · A few of the damage-causing ant types that are most common in Florida are: Carpenter ants: Carpenter ants are dark-colored and are larger than most ants. They build nests in wooded structures and live in colonies of about 3,000 workers. Red imported fire ants: Red fire ants are much larger ants that are red or orange in color. Get rid of ghost ants. Tips on how to identify ghost ants infestation and treatment tips for your home. New Customers: (866) 395-6319. Current Customers: (800) 468-7859 ... Florida Carpenter Ants. Ghost Ants. Harvester Ants. Odorous Ants. Pavement Ants. Pharaoh Ants. Rover Ants. Thief Ants. Is Your Home at Risk? See All Ant Photos and Videos.Apr 29, 2022 · 3. Set Ant Baits. “The most effective method for controlling an ant infestation is using ant baits. Set them out anywhere you see ants and expect a party,” Gangloff-Kaufmann says. “If you ... Ants are one of the most common pests that can invade your home. They can be a nuisance and can cause damage to your property. Fortunately, there are several natural methods you ca... Ghost Ants. Ghost ants, also known as Tapinoma melanocephalum, are a common species found in Florida. These tiny ants measure only about 1.5 to 2 millimeters in length, making them difficult to spot. They get their name from their pale, almost translucent appearance, which gives them a ghost-like appearance. The idea is the same – the ants take the borax-laced sweets back to the colony and spread the poison. 6. Stink Them Out. You can also try to repel Florida sugar ants using odors that they hate. Happily, the ones they hate the most are natural scents that most humans love! The first option is using cloves.Natural ant killers. Diatomaceous Earth. Pure boric acid. Old favorite ingredients of the pest-eradication world can be very useful when it comes to killing off indoor ghost ants without alerting the larger nest. Diatomaceous earth, boric acid, baking powder and so forth – these simple, cheap, natural and often homemade ant killers will ...Pharaoh ants are one of the smallest ant species you might encounter in your house. Their size ranges from 1.5 to 2 mm in length, making them easy to overlook. Pharaoh ants are a yellow to light-brown color and often have a darker thorax. Like all ants, pharaoh ant bodies are segmented, meaning they have two nodes between their thorax and ...Ghost ants introduced to South Florida most likely by boat in shipping containers. Introduced to the US in shipping containers and potted plants, ghost …Nov 24, 2023 ... Among these, the ghost ant (Tapinoma melanocephalum) stands out as a tiny, elusive enigma. Despite its diminutive size, this ant species has ...Sugar ants treatment can be tricky. “Sugar ant” is a generic term people use to refer to tiny ants attracted to sweet foods. Often these pests are actually ghost ants.Halloween season may have you thinking about ghosts, werewolves, mummies, and other spooktacular houseguests, but we think ghost ants are among the scariest things … Ghost Ants. Measuring in at 1.3 to 1.5 millimeters, the ghost ant is one of the smallest species of ant you will encounter. Their head and thorax are dark while the rest of the body is almost translucent. Ghost ants are a tropical species and are a very common pest in Florida households. This ant is now a major pest throughout most of Florida and several of the Hawaiian Islands. It occasionally is found in apartments and greenhouses in northern states. These ants nest outdoors under items on the ground, within landscape mulch, beneath loose bark on trees, under ground cover, in potted plants and within piles of items such as ... Ghost ants are tiny, measuring less than a 16th of an inch, and they have a dark brown head and thorax. In addition, their legs, antennae, and abdominal area are milky white and translucent, making them difficult to see. ... Florida and Hawaii have the highest percentage of ghost ants in the U.S. What’s surprising is that you can also find ... | Cdhqbetoljj (article) | Mshjmmo.